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Antiquities and archaeological sites were one of the most prominent victims of the war in Syria for more than eight years. Many sites and museums were looted and stolen and found their way out of the country.
It is not yet known what the real damage to the Syrian monuments was, because of the inability to inspect many of the sites and determine the damage done to them. However, it is certain that the Syrian ruins were subjected to a major massacre whose effects can not be limited.
On this subject, . held a meeting with Mahmoud Hammoud, Director of Antiquities and Museums in Syria, who spoke about the great disaster facing the Syrian monuments as a result of the war in the country. Hamoud said: At least 10,000 archaeological sites, many of which have been subjected to destruction, looting and illegal excavations, and the archaeological hills scattered throughout Syria are successive civilizations on top of each other, and were subject to illegal excavations that destroyed Syrian civilizations and looted their possessions and treasures.
"There are at least one million archaeological pieces that have gone out of the country across the border, especially Turkish, occupied Palestinian and Jordanian, and there are historic buildings that have been heavily destroyed, like in Old Aleppo, the markets and the old city of Deir al-Zour, and in many other locations.
The Director of Antiquities and Museums pointed out that Turkey played a major role in the destruction of archaeological sites in the areas under its control. It also shows that the archaeological sites occupied by the Turkish authorities and army were bombed and bombed before they occupied them. Afrin, which dates back to the first millennium BC, and the site of the site of the tomb of Saint Maron, the patron saint of the Maronite Christian community.
He added: There were frightening excavations carried out by the terrorist groups operating under the banner of the Turkish occupation of the region, and there was an invasion of these archaeological sites, such as the site Gendros, which boycotted a Syrian-German mission until 2010.
Mahmoud Hammoud asserts that entire cities have been vandalized. "There are very important cities that have been subjected to expropriation, and there are facilities and theaters that resemble Palmyra in miniature, such as Qasr al-Sham, which have been subjected to horrific excavations that have caused many archaeological sites.
The ruins of the Ma'arat al-Nu'man Museum, which includes the archives of the city of Ibla, dating back to the third millennium BC, were stolen. Some 16,000 books were stolen in cuneiform language, in addition to stealing thousands Archaeological finds.
The director of the Syrian Foundation for Archeology continues: At least 6,000 artifacts were stolen from the Al-Rigga Museum, other than what was in the warehouses. It is also mentioned that there are forgotten cities in north-west Syria between Aleppo and Idleb, Vandalism and destruction, something that is unbridled, and a real disaster that has afflicted world heritage.
"Most of them go through Turkey to the world. We have information that Turkey has at least 25,000 pieces confiscated by the Turkish authorities," said Hammoud. "Most of them are not exported to Europe and the black market, which is hundreds of thousands and reaches about one million archetypes.
He added: This can be known through the documentation carried out by the Directorate of Antiquities after the liberation of some archaeological sites from the terrorist gangs, such as the site of Dora Urubus on the Euphrates, an ancient city with an area of 30-40 hectares was subjected to a total looting. This is also confirmed by the recent documents from the site of Azania and the Strait of Mideq in Hama and the plain of the jungle, which was recently liberated weeks ago, and showed the size of the destruction and looting very large in all sites and archaeological hills.
Hamoud said: "In return for this, our heroic army, our security services and the various parties have recovered many pieces and found artifacts recovered from the sites that were liberated. They are returned to the General Directorate of Antiquities and Museums.
He added: We have so far not less than 21 thousand pieces recovered from these sites, and the most recent in Afamia and before that of the Damascus Gauta, and there is a distinctive statue was returned, and there was more than an exhibition in the Opera House of these pieces.
The Directorate of Antiquities and Museums is responsible for the protection of Syrian heritage and history. The Directorate of Antiquities and Museums has set up an office for the recovery of pieces to track these pieces and to follow up on any issue raised in the media or social media sites. These channels are monitored by Interpol, Etc., we have more than one issue.
As an example, we stopped the sale of more than one auction in London, where we stopped the sale of an Assyrian statue from the end of the second century BC. It was found in the Kathleen House or the so-called Sheikh Hamad Hill east of Deir Al-Zour.
As for the steps taken by the Directorate to deal with the negative effects of the war on the effects of Syria, he said: "We have a systematic plan for the restoration of destroyed archaeological sites, where we carry out the work of Tuthi first, using the latest documentation methods used globally, and according to the most important standards, To the archaeological sites and buildings that need quick intervention, and started in Aleppo restoration work extensively, such as the entrance to the castle of Aleppo, and the old markets in the city, and the Umayyad Mosque, which is funded by the President of Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov.
Hammoud also sent a letter to help with the repairs in Syria. "So far, there has been no restoration work in the city of Palmyra at all. No one has moved yet to help with the repair or funding, It is very expensive, and it needs to intervene all over the world to preserve this heritage, not only for Syria but also for a world heritage, especially since many of these sites are registered on UNESCO World Heritage List as in Old Aleppo and Palmyra.
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