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Global climate change on the planet is causing the melting of Arctic glaciers and everlasting ice. This is one of the major challenges facing humanity, which has environmental and economic consequences in Europe, America, China, Arab countries and around the world.
What causes melting of glaciers
It can be said that thawing creates favorable and safe conditions for maritime navigation across the northern sea line, which could lead to a radical change in global maritime traffic. For example, the distance from the European section of Russia to the Far East via the Red Sea, the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea is about 23,000 kilometers, while through the North Sea, through the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea, the distance is 14,000 kilometers.
In addition, global warming makes it easy to reach the Arctic shelf. About 70% of the Russian shelf (which accounts for 21% of the world's shelf) is promising in terms of extracting underground resources, particularly oil and gas. In this context, the volume of reserves already explored in the Arctic Ocean is 25% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves.
The importance of timely detection of glaciers and the prevention of underwater terrorist attacks in offshore oil and gas fields should be noted through the use of watercolor techniques. Professor Mikhail Kuperyanov of the St. Petersburg University of Electrical Engineering believes that in order to identify objects underwater, artificial intelligence will be used.
On the other hand, climate change is causing dire consequences that are not to be feared. Unforeseeable weather conditions threaten food crops, and rising seas will increase the risk of natural disasters. This will change the situation in the tropical Amazon and the Tundra in the Arctic irreversibly.
The rapid decline in the size of the glaciers will inevitably lead to a decrease in the drinking water reserves. The imbalance between salt water and fresh water in the Barents Sea could cause the extinction of a number of biological species. The melting of permafrost will lead to the release of huge amounts of gas, causing a new cycle of climate change.
What happens to the permafrost under water
In the past 30 years, the rate of melting of submerged frosts in the Arctic Sea has doubled, compared with previous centuries, to 18 centimeters per year. This has led to massive emissions of greenhouse gases, which can have a significant impact on the climate of the entire planet.
Scientists at the Tomsk University of Applied Sciences are the first to prove the instability of permafrost under water, leading to the discovery of anomalies on the planet from dissolved methane and in the atmosphere. In the autumn of 2018, scientists discovered dissolved methane anomalies 10,000 times higher than conventional amounts. Over time, methane concentration in the atmosphere could increase several times, which in turn could unexpectedly affect the Earth's climate.
"If we do not take into account the results of the study of permafrost under water, industrial activity and scientific explorations can lead to environmental geological disasters (such as accidents in the Gulf)," said Professor Igor Semilitov of the Department of Geology at Tomsk University of Applied Sciences. Mexico), which could cause irreparable damage. "
In the fall of 2019, scientists plan to undertake an exploratory journey to determine geochemical and environmental changes in the East-East Seas and the North Sea.
Why should we conduct surveillance from space
Dr. Vladimir Kratsov of the University of Friendship believes that, given the difficulty of reaching the Arctic, remote surveillance techniques, including space, must play a critical role in studying emission problems.
The situation around ice in the Arctic is one of the most important tasks of space observation. It has long been designing methods (including automated) to determine the main characteristics of the ice sheet.
After the discovery of a gas emission nozzle in the Yamal Peninsula west of Siberia at the end of 2013, researchers from the University of Friendship conducted observations, and discovered six new nozzles. The result is that they knew that the most favorable conditions for CH 4 emissions in the atmosphere were formed near thermal basins and near the hills and valleys of large rivers.
"According to meteorology and space, about 300 lakes, with hundreds and even thousands of small gas-fired nozzles, have been found, all of which point to large-scale operations of the Arctic Arctic aquifer and the importance of its study," said Vladimir Krachtsov, .
Currently, much research is being carried out in the Kula peninsula in an area of strategic importance on the border with northern Europe.
"The Arctic is one of the most sensitive areas on the planet for global climate change, so it is important to monitor the environmental gases in the atmosphere of this region," said Professor Sergey Kiriyev of the National Nuclear University.
Scientists at the National University for Nuclear Research (MNFI) are planning an experiment from the Kartish research vessel. For the first time, a long-lived radionuclide distribution map such as iodine-129, carbon-14, greenhouse gases and hydrocarbons will be developed along the ship's sea line. The researchers will also develop a dynamic map of the presence of these substances in the atmosphere of the Arctic.
What can be done by analyzing large data
The analysis of various indicators of nature through the use of large data technology allows scientists to propose the most effective measures to reduce the negative effects of anthropogenic ecosystems on the Arctic, said Alexander Miaskov, director of the Institute of Mining at the University of Mississippi.
"When the basin of the port of Sabita is deepened on the banks of the Gulf of Aub, specialized dredges, which affect the entire area of the Gulf of Guidan, have been used, and this area is known to be home to the breeding of white whales and other large mammals in the pole," said Alexander Miaskov. The northern Russian, and it should be said that the number of white whales began to shrink during the start of construction and did not exceed 300 whales To continue the construction was to apply various environmental protection measures.
The analysis of all possible impacts and implications of environmental regulations in the region and the comparison of all the techniques used will help specialists and experts find the best solutions for the construction of the new Indigo port, he said.
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